Classification method of lighting
The common classification method of modern lighting is to classify according to the lighting type and the installation location and type of the lamp.
(I) Classification by type The lighting type of lamps is usually achieved by changing the light source and lampshade or lamp shell. There are mainly five ways.
1. Direct lighting type Direct lighting type lamps use semi-enclosed opaque lampshades such as white enamel, aluminum plate and mercury-plated mirror glass to project 90-100% of the light onto the illuminated surface, thereby forming a strong contrast effect between the illuminated area and the non-illuminated area. The depth of the lampshade determines the size of the illuminated surface. If an umbrella-shaped lampshade is used, the illuminated surface is large, and if a deep cylindrical lampshade is used, the illuminated surface is small. It is easy to produce glare, resulting in visual discomfort. Therefore, it is not suitable as the main light source.
2. Semi-direct lighting type Semi-direct lighting type lamps are regulated by a semi-enclosed and translucent lampshade with the cover facing downward, so that 60-90% of the light is concentrated on the lighting surface, and the rest of the light is irradiated into the surrounding space, which improves the light-dark contrast in the room and produces a comfortable and soft lighting effect.
3. Uniform diffuse type Uniform diffuse type lamps are regulated by a fully enclosed translucent lampshade, which can diffuse the light uniformly all around, so the light is uniform and soft, which is conducive to protecting eyesight. But the loss is large and the light efficiency is not high. Therefore, it is suitable for lighting spaces without special requirements.
4. Semi-indirect lighting type Semi-indirect lighting lamps have the same principle as semi-direct lighting, but the cover of the lampshade is facing upward. It can irradiate 60-90% of the light to the upper end of the ceiling and wall, and then reflect it to the indoor space. This can make the light distribution of the entire illuminated space uniform without obvious shadows. But the light loss is large, so it is necessary to increase the light intensity by 50-100% than normal to ensure sufficient brightness. Commonly used as auxiliary light source in large living rooms.
5. Indirect lighting type Indirect lighting type lamps have the same principle as direct lighting lamps, but the lampshade is facing upwards, and it can shoot all the light to the ceiling and then reflect it back. In this way, the light is uniform and soft, and glare and shadows can be completely avoided, but the light loss is very large, and thus the power loss is large, so it is usually used in conjunction with other types of lamps.
(II) According to the installation location and type of lamps, according to the installation location and type of lamps, they can usually be divided into
1. Chandeliers Chandeliers are lamps that are hung on the ceiling with metal lamp racks made of wire rods, chains or tubes for overall lighting. Usually, multiple incandescent lamps are used as light sources. With milky white, frosted, crystal glass and other lampshades, the shapes are even more varied. Such as flower pavilion type, firework type, inverted pagoda type, bud type, etc. There are also hanging rod type, hanging chain type, hanging wire type and lifting type. It has the characteristics of explosion-proof, anti-slip, safe hanging, and adjustable brightness. However, its lighting energy consumption is high, and it is generally 0.5 to 1 meter away from the ceiling, so it occupies a lot of space height. Therefore, when choosing a chandelier, you should consider whether the indoor space height, area and purpose are suitable for it. It is also necessary to pay attention to the style of the chandelier should be unified and harmonious with other indoor art decorations. Only in this way can a rich and luxurious decorative effect be achieved. Generally, large chandeliers can be used in large living rooms and upper halls of duplex buildings. For living rooms and bedrooms with smaller areas, retractable chandeliers with the function of freely adjusting the suspension height can be selected.
2. Ceiling lamps Ceiling lamps are lamps directly fixed on the ceiling. Usually fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps are used as light sources, and lampshades such as milky white, frosted, crystal glass and plexiglass are used. The shapes of the lampshades are round, square, spherical, cylindrical, diamond, olive, etc.; they can also be divided into embedded, hidden, convex and mobile types; there are also single and combined types. It has the characteristics of explosion-proof, anti-drop, safe structure, easy installation and maintenance, small space occupation height, soft light, etc. It is a lamp that is widely used as basic lighting in home decoration. It is especially suitable when the indoor headroom height is relatively low. It is most commonly used in bedrooms.
3. Wall lamp Wall lamp is also called wall lamp. This is because it is installed on the wall. There are wall-mounted, wall-attached and wall-walking types. Usually, the wall lamp is 9 to 40 cm away from the wall and more than 14.5 cm from the ground. It generally uses fluorescent lamps or incandescent lamps as light sources. It is equipped with lampshades made of colored glass or plexiglass of various styles. It has the characteristics of exquisite shape, good decorativeness, flexible layout, small space occupation, and soft light. However, the lighting space has certain limitations and needs to be used in conjunction with other types of lamps. It is usually used in bedrooms, bathrooms, restaurants and other rooms.
4. Table lamp Table lamp is also called desk lamp. It is mainly used as a light source for local lighting on indoor tables or desks. Because it is flexible and convenient to move, it can be called the light cavalry of indoor lighting. Usually, metal, ceramic, plastic and other materials are used to make various styles of artistic lamp holders; silk, yarn, paper, glass, plastic and other materials are used to make lampshades; the light source is a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp. It is small and exquisite, easy to switch, free to move, easy to dim, and beautiful in shape. It is the best choice for providing local lighting for daily work and study.
5. Floor lamp Floor lamp is also called floor lamp. In addition to a telescopic lamp pole that can be freely adjusted in height, the other components are similar to table lamps. It is also a local lighting source. It has the characteristics of flexible light projection, no glare, and beautiful shape. But it needs to occupy a certain space. It is suitable for reading books and newspapers while sitting on the sofa or leaning against the head of the bed.
6. Spotlight Spotlight is also a local lighting fixture. It has concentrated light and special local lighting effect. It can play a finishing touch to highlight the theme or embellish a local illuminated object. Spotlights have very strong special effects on space, color, virtuality and reality, and can be changed by changing the projection angle and lamp head to achieve constant change, which is interesting and refreshing. Spotlights are easy to arrange and can be placed around the ceiling or on the top of furniture, or in the wall, wall skirt or skirting; they can be used in the living room or study, or in the bedroom or bathroom. In short, spotlights have become a veritable "trendy group" in home decoration. However, it should also be noted that spotlights should not be used too much, and the projected light should not be directly irradiated on the face of the person.
7. Bedside lamp Bedside lamp is named because it is used at the head of the bed. There are two types: fixed and movable. It can meet the needs of reading and newspapers while lying on the bed. It can be said to be a "night pearl" in the bedroom of a modern family.
(III) According to the nature of the light source; it can be divided into thermal radiation light source lamp, gas discharge light source lamp and laser light source lamp.
(iv) According to the external shape of the lamps, they can be divided into national style, modern technology and international trend types.
